The heart sits inside a thin protective sac called the pericardium. When fluid builds up in that sac — from infection, inflammation, or other causes — it can press on the heart and prevent it from pumping properly, a medical emergency called cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis uses a needle guided by ultrasound to safely drain that fluid and relieve the pressure, often bringing immediate relief.
How It Works
- 1An ultrasound scan confirms exactly where and how much fluid has collected.
- 2A local anesthetic numbs the area, usually below the breastbone.
- 3A needle, guided by live ultrasound, is carefully advanced into the fluid pocket and a thin tube may be left in place to fully drain it.
- 4You're monitored closely as the fluid drains and pressure on the heart is relieved.
When it's usually needed
- Sudden breathlessness with low blood pressure and a rapid heart rate
- Fluid around the heart confirmed on an ECHO
- Known pericardial effusion that's grown large or symptomatic
Good to know
Duration: 20–40 minutes
Preparation: Performed urgently when needed; done under ultrasound guidance for safety.
This page is for general information and doesn't replace a medical consultation. Your cardiologist will confirm what's right for your specific case.